FN2 Research

Markets, explained.

Cited, no-noise breakdowns of why stocks move — earnings reactions, macro shifts, and the data behind the headlines.

A person points at a financial chart on a laptop screen, analyzing stock market trends for investment decisions.
IPO · Market Structure · SpaceX · Lockup Expiry · SEC Reform · Capital Markets

The 2026 IPO Machine Is Near Its All-Time Record. Then SpaceX's $123B Lockup Arrives.

Through July 10, operating companies have raised $140 billion in 2026 IPOs, nearly matching 2021's full-year record. Now the largest IPO in history faces its first major lockup expiry, with $123 billion in SpaceX shares set to unlock in early August.

Offshore oil platform silhouetted against a dramatic sunset sky over the sea.
Iran Conflict · Strait of Hormuz · Oil Prices · Tariffs · Geopolitical Risk · Energy · Defense

Hormuz Goes Dark: Zero Tankers, $85 Oil, and Two Trade Shocks Colliding on July 24

With zero tankers transiting Hormuz for a third day, Brent above $85, and the 10% universal tariff expiring July 24, markets face a simultaneous energy-supply and trade-policy shock. Oil majors and gold rose Friday; airlines and semiconductors led the downside.

Macro photograph of a CPU microchip showing golden processor pins, representing semiconductor hardware.
Semiconductors · AI Infrastructure · Oil · Iran · Federal Reserve · Market Recap

Semis Bear, Oil Surge: A Two-Front Week for Markets

The S&P 500 posted its first losing week in three as semiconductors entered a bear market and oil surged on renewed US-Iran conflict. A cooler CPI print and new Fed Chair Warsh's testimony added a third layer.

Rows of server racks in a large data center facility with overhead cabling
IPO · Market Structure · SEC · Regulation NMS · Data Centers · Nuclear · AI · Anthropic

IPO Window Stays Open, But Investors Get Selective as SEC Rewrites the Plumbing

Two sizable July IPOs priced below their target ranges and fell on debut, even as a $3.6T AI-led listing pipeline — led by Anthropic and OpenAI — queues up for the fall. The SEC is simultaneously proposing to rescind Reg NMS Rule 611 and extend price bands to overnight trading.

Aerial drone view of a large cargo ship navigating the open ocean.
Geopolitics · Oil · Energy · Strait of Hormuz · US-Iran War · Defense · Inflation · Market Risk

Brent Hits $88 as US-Iran Strikes Enter Eighth Night and Hormuz Traffic Stalls

The US-Iran ceasefire collapsed in mid-July. Eight straight nights of strikes, a reimposed naval blockade, and drone attacks on a second oil chokepoint in the Black Sea have Brent at $88 and US diesel above $5 — with hedge funds going long crude at the fastest pace since 2016.

Close-up macro photograph of a circuit board with electronic components and copper traces, representing the semiconductor industry at the center of the AI capex debate.
Semiconductors · AI · Earnings · Oil · Macro · Iran · TSMC · ASML

AI Stocks Crack Despite Blowout Earnings — Is the Capex Supercycle Peaking?

TSMC and ASML posted blowout earnings, yet semiconductor stocks fell ~11% on the week. With oil surging on the Iran conflict and consumer sentiment at 44.8, the coming week's earnings will test whether this is a healthy pullback or the start of a deeper rotation.

A military jet flies over a crowd at an airshow, leaving trails against a warm sunset sky.
Geopolitics · Oil · Energy · Iran · Strait of Hormuz · Shipping · Defense · Macro

The Two-Chokepoint Squeeze: Why Hormuz Alone No Longer Tells the Oil Story

Brent crude cleared $88 after Iraq suspended all Basra terminal loadings and Iran's IRGC directed Houthis to prepare Bab el-Mandeb for closure, turning a single-strait dispute into a potential two-chokepoint squeeze on global oil flows. The market tell is the widening, not the level.

Close-up of a central processing unit on a motherboard, showing the intricate architecture of a modern semiconductor.
Semiconductors · AI · Nasdaq · Kimi K3 · Magnificent 7 · Energy · Iran · Market Rotation

Kimi K3 Tests Whether $700B in AI Capex Still Earns Its Keep

Nasdaq led the week lower as China's Moonshot AI released Kimi K3, triggering DeepSeek-flashback fears over $700B in AI capex. Semis and EDA names took the worst of it; energy was the lone green sector on an Iran-driven oil bid.

Aerial view of a large cargo ship and tugboats in turquoise waters, illustrating the maritime traffic now disrupted at the Strait of Hormuz.
Geopolitics · Oil · Strait of Hormuz · Iran · Energy · Market Risk · Middle East

Ceasefire Collapse: Seven Nights of Strikes Push Hormuz to a Standstill and Brent Past $88

The US-Iran interim ceasefire has collapsed after seven straight nights of strikes, with Iran suspending the Islamabad MOU and hitting bases in four Gulf states. Brent crude surged to $88 as Hormuz traffic fell to a near-standstill. The market tell is oil pricing a sustained chokepoint while equities lag the repricing.

Stock market trading screen displaying financial data and market prices on electronic monitors
IPOs · Market Structure · SpaceX · Regulation NMS · Buybacks · Equity Issuance · Alphabet

The Great Supply Test: Lockups, Buybacks, and the Biggest Market-Structure Rewrite in 20 Years

Three structural forces — a record IPO lockup flood, a secular shift from buybacks to AI capex, and the SEC's proposal to rescind Reg NMS's trade-through rule — are converging on US equity markets simultaneously. Here is what each signal means and what to watch.

Aerial view of a large cargo ship navigating a narrow strait between landmasses.
Geopolitics · Oil · Energy · Strait of Hormuz · Red Sea · Iran · Shipping · Market Risk

Twin Chokepoints: Why Hormuz's Collapse and a Red Sea Threat Are Repricing Oil Overnight

With the US-Iran interim deal collapsed after seven consecutive nights of strikes, Strait of Hormuz shipping has fallen to near-zero and Brent crude has surged 16% in a week to $88. Iran is now signaling the Houthis to close the Bab el-Mandeb Strait as a second chokepoint, threatening to cut off Saudi Arabia's alternative export route and tighten the global energy vise.

Aerial view of a large oil tanker vessel navigating open ocean, highlighting the maritime energy transport now disrupted at the Strait of Hormuz.
Geopolitics · Energy · Oil · Iran · Strait of Hormuz · Middle East · Market Risk · Sanctions

The Hormuz Shutdown: How a Collapsed Ceasefire Reignited the Oil Shock

The US-Iran ceasefire is dead. Seven straight nights of strikes have shuttered the Strait of Hormuz, sent Brent to $88, and created the biggest oil supply disruption in history — just as consumer sentiment hits 44.8 and investor leverage sits at record highs.